**Understanding Medication-Induced Photosensitivity**
According to the National Cancer Institute, photosensitivity refers to an increased susceptibility of the skin to adverse effects from exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) light – particularly sunburn. This condition can manifest as skin reactions ranging from mild rashes or sunburns that are painful, itchy, blistered, or peel.
While taking medications known to cause photosensitivity, not everyone experiences a reaction, as noted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Furthermore, if you do experience sensitivity while on such medication, this does not guarantee reactions every time you sunbathe. Below is an overview of ten common medication classes associated with photosensitivity:
**1. Antibiotics**
Certain antibiotics can increase photosensitivity. While these drugs are effective against a range of bacterial infections (not all alike), Flaker emphasizes that physicians select specific ones based on the infection’s nature and severity to ensure appropriate treatment, preventing unnecessary exposure to side effects like sun sensitivity.
Dr. Flaker clarifies: “If you do experience photosensitivity related to an antibiotic,” she says, “it is typically temporary.” She recommends proactive measures: “Wearing high-SPF sunscreen diligently, especially on areas prone to burning traditionally – forearms, hands, neck, and face – can help prevent these reactions.”
The FDA has identified several antibiotics linked to sun sensitivity in some individuals:
* Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
* Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
* Ofloxacin (Floxin)
* Tetracycline (Sumycin)
* Trimethoprim (Trimpex)
Additionally, sulfonamides – a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting various bacteria – can also cause photosensitivity. Examples include:
* Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
* Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin)
**2. Antifungals**
Antifungals are prescribed for fungal infections and operate similarly to specific antibiotics by targeting distinct organisms.
Flaker advises: “The crucial step is taking what the physician prescribes,” she notes regarding antifungal medication use. Sun sensitivity from these drugs typically subsides within weeks, so adherence to prescribed treatment remains paramount.
Commonly recognized antifungals that can cause photosensitivity include:
* Flucytosine (Ancobon)
* Griseofulvin (Gris-PEG)
* Voriconazole (VFEND)
**3. Antihistamines**
Primarily used to alleviate allergy symptoms and reactions from insect bites, antihistamines function by inhibiting histamine action in the body.
Flaker explains: “Antihistamines can dry out your skin,” potentially affecting its natural fluid balance.
Dr. Flaker’s recommendations include:
* cetirizine (Zyrtec)
* diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
* loratadine (Claritin)
* promethazine (Phenergan VC)
* cyproheptadine (Periactin)
**4. Cholesterol-Lowering Statins**
While commonly prescribed statins are effective for managing high cholesterol, some can cause photosensitivity in certain patients.
Flaker underscores the importance of medication adherence: “It is vital to continue taking your cholesterol-lowering medication as prescribed by your healthcare provider,” she states.
* simvastatin (Zocor)
* atorvastatin (Lipitor)
* lovastatin (Mevacor)
* pravastatin (Pravachol)
**5. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)**
NSAIDs are widely used for pain relief, fever reduction, and inflammation management.
Flaker notes that photosensitivity from NSAIDs is relatively uncommon: “The risk of sun sensitivity with NSAIDs is very rare,” she explains.
* ibuprofen (Advil)
* naproxen (Aleve)
* celecoxib (Celebrex)
* piroxicam (Feldene)
* ketoprofen (Orudis)
**6. Oral Contraceptives and Estrogen Medications**
Hormonal therapies, including oral contraceptives and estrogen treatments, are known to sometimes cause photosensitivity.
Flaker advises caution during initial use: “If you start a new hormonal medication,” she says, “pay close attention for signs of increased sensitivity, especially if starting in the summer or experiencing sun exposure heavily shortly after beginning treatment.”
* Oral Contraceptives
* Estrogen Medications
**7. Phenothiazines**
These medications are primarily used for treating severe mental disorders like schizophrenia and other psychotic conditions.
Flaker highlights potential risks: “Some phenothiazines,” she explains, “can cause photosensitivity, particularly in the eyes.” They may also interfere with thermoregulation by reducing sweating.
* fluphenazine (Prolixin)
* thioridazine (Mellaril)
* prochlorperazine (Compazine)
**8. Psoralens**
Psoralens are used topically or orally in specific dermatological treatments, including phototherapy for conditions like vitiligo, eczema, psoriasis, and certain lymphoma-related skin issues.
Given their therapeutic use involves significantly increased UV absorption, Flaker advises: “Individuals prescribed with psoralens must follow a strict sun avoidance plan.” Consult your healthcare provider to develop this strategy.
* methoxsalen (Oxsoralen-Ultra)
* trioxsalen
**9. Retinoids**
Commonly used for treating acne and certain skin conditions, retinoids carry a significant risk of photosensitivity.
Flaker emphasizes the need for strict sun protection: “Retinoids are potent enough to thin the outer layer of skin,” making it highly susceptible to burning. She recommends avoiding direct sunlight entirely while using these medications.
* acitretin (Soriatane)
* isotretinoin (Accutane)
**10. Sulfonylureas for Type 2 Diabetes**
Some sulfonylurea drugs used in managing type 2 diabetes can cause photosensitivity.
Flaker advises: “For patients taking sulfonylureas,” she says, “it is crucial not to stop the medication without consulting a healthcare provider.” While side effects exist, controlling blood sugar takes precedence.
* glipizide (Glucotrol)
* glyburide (Micronase)
